In Industrial water treatment, heating and cooling play an important role in industry. After agriculture, industrial water treatment is the largest consumer of water. Besides other applications in process, washing, drinking and firefighting, the main application of water in industrial water treatment is for heat transfer in boilers and cooling towers. Several factors make water ideal for heat transfer.

• It is normally plentiful, readily available and inexpensive.
  
• It is easily handled.
  
• It can carry large amount of heat per unit volume.
  
• It doesn’t expand or compress significantly within normally encountered
  temperature range.
  
• It doesn’t decompose.

In industrial water treatment, at one end, water is heated to a very high temperature and converted to steam in boilers by the combustion of various fuels. Water transfers the heat to the point of use that could be power generation or some other purposes. Hot water could also be needed for various applications in industry.

At the other end, about 70% of the water in industrial water treatment that industry uses is for cooling purposes. Although power-generating stations are among the largest users of this cooling water, almost all industry incorporates processes, which require the dissipation of heat. In addition to these process cooling requirements, comfort air conditioning systems also consume large quantities of cooling water. Power cannot be generated, gasoline cannot be produced, chemical processes cannot operate, and your boss cannot be kept cool without the assured availability of cooling water. Cooling water is the most common substance used as a heat transfer medium and the most common method of use is by indirect heat exchange.

In both boilers and cooling towers, the quality of water is absolutely critical. While several water treatment equipments like demineralizers and deaerators are installed to treat the raw water, various water treatment chemicals are also regularly needed for proper control and smooth operations. These include scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides, descaling chemicals, pH boosters, oxygen scavengers and passivators. Various instruments like water testing kits, pH meters and conductivity meters are also needed for regular monitoring and correction.

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